Transformation in Song of Solomon by Toni Morrison Essay

In Song of Solomon by Toni Morrison, the relationships between whites and blacks are a main theme. Throughout the whole novel Morrison adds her own opinions toward the race problems that the characters of Not Doctor Street experience. Poverty is another big issue in the novel and many of the main characters struggle financially. Money becomes a means of escape for many of the characters, especially Milkman and Guitar. For both men their quests for gold leaves them empty handed, but their personalities changed. Milkman’s quest was to be independent, especially since he was still living with his parents. Milkman however, was not poor. His family was considered one of the most financially comfortable black families in town. He was†¦show more content†¦The fact the Milkman is constantly wishing to get out on his own, and find easy money proves how ignorant he is to what is actually occurring all around him. With his given money Milkman does not realize the struggle many o f his fellow African Americans are going through each day. He doesn’t see the struggle, or he just doesn’t seem to worry himself with anyone other than himself. He wants to live on his own, away from his family, but he doesn’t wish to work hard to gain independence, he would rather sit and sulk in self-pity than to stand and make it on his own. As a member of a wealthy African American family, Milkman has it easier than most to succeed, he just doesn’t put forth the effort. Milkman sees no hope in independence, or a future on his own, that is until Macon Jr. tells Milkman of the gold Pilate is hiding in her shack. The hidden gold will give him the independence and feeling of importance he both needs and desires. For Guitar the gold would make him able to buy the explosives needed to blow up the church and kill four innocent white girls for the Seven Days group. When the gold in the green tarp proves to be a bunch of rocks and a human skeleton, the police return the tarp to Pilate, who tells Macon Jr. that she never took the gold, but instead came back to the cave three years after she and Macon Jr. parted to collect the bones of the dead white man.Show MoreRelatedEssay On Song Of Solomon1213 Words   |  5 Pages Topic 1 SONG OF SOLOMON PERIOD 1 |Ap Literature Nancy Guevara â€Æ' Growing up is a journey, to be specific it s a journey in a maze. We go around in different directions in hopes to find out who we indeed are. Left to right in every direction we run into things that change our mindset and by the end of the maze, we are entirely different people. Most mazes have doors; open one door new beginning, shut another end of that chapter. Specific events in life alter our young minds, and we tend to growRead More Essay on Names in Song of Solomon1485 Words   |  6 PagesThe Importance of Names in Song of Solomon      Ã‚   Abstract:   In Toni Morrisons Song of Solomon, names have great implication.   Language is extremely personal and deeply rooted in culture.   Names are an integral part of language, and they help to establish identity, define personality, and show ownership through formal and informal usage.    Tis but thy name that is my enemy; / Thou art thyself, though not a Montague. / Whats Montague? it is nor hand, nor foot, / Nor arm, nor faceRead MoreEssay on Song of Solomon: A Bildungsroman of Milkman 1092 Words   |  5 PagesIt can be said that Song of Solomon is bildungsroman which is defined by The Encyclopedia Britannica as â€Å"a class of novel that deals with the [coming-of-age or] formative years of an individual†. Furthermore, in a bildungsroman, a main protagonist usually undergoes some transformation after seeking truth or philosophical enlightenment. In Morrison’s novel, the plot follows the main protagonist Milkman as he matures within his community while developing relationships with others and discovering hisRead MoreSong Of Solomon Coming Of Age Analysis1488 Words   |  6 Pages Song of Solomon by Toni Morrison Prompt #1 â€Å"Comprehensively analyze, both personally and socially, how Milkman came of age. Lisbeth Sosa Mr. Amoroso Pd.3 AP Literature Prompt # 1 Comprehensively analyze, both personally and socially, how Milkman came of age. When presented with adversity in a period of time stoical emotions can manifest and present itself with a sense of impetuous reaction leading to awakening. Realizing the issues revolving around usRead More Milkmans Transformation in Toni Morrisons Song of Solomon Essay693 Words   |  3 PagesMilkmans Transformation in Toni Morrisons Song of Solomon Milkman experiences many changes in behavior throughout the novel Song of Solomon. Until his early thirties most would consider him self centered, or even self-loathing. Until his maturity he is spoiled by his mother Ruth and sisters Lena and Corinthian because he is a male. He is considered wealthy for the neighborhood he grew up in and he doesnt socialize because of this. As a result of his spoiled childhood Milkman takes womenRead MoreCharacter Development In Song Of Solomon1739 Words   |  7 PagesSong of Solomon By Toni Morrison Ayanna Higgins Mr. Amoroso AP Literature Topic #1 Maturity comes with experiences in life. Some are exposed to those events early while others encounter them in their adulthood. These transitions cause character development within the protagonist, Milkman Dead. In the bildungsroman, or coming of age, novel Song of Solomon by Toni Morrison, Milkman evolves from an ignorant and selfish being to a responsible and caring man. While trying to become an independentRead MoreHow to Read Lit Like a Prof Notes3608 Words   |  15 Pages(Odysseus’s wife)—the determination to remain faithful and to have faith iv. Hector: The need to protect one’s family d. The Underworld—an ultimate challenge, facing the darkest parts of human nature or dealing with death e. Metamorphoses by Ovid—transformation (Kafka) f. Oedipus: family triangles, being blinded, dysfunctional family g. Cassandra: refusing to hear the truth h. A wronged woman gone violent in her grief and madness—Aeneas and Dido or Jason and Medea i. 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Flores writes that in â€Å"magical realism we find the transformation of the common and the everyday into the awesome and the unreal†(114). He continues, â€Å"It is predominantly an art of surprises. Time exists in a kind of timeless fluidity and the unreal happens as part of reality. Once the reader accepts the fait

Evolution Is The Gradual Change Of Genotype And Phenotype...

Evolution is the gradual change of genotype and phenotype of organisms over time in response to selection pressures. This enables organisms to become better equipped to exploit their environment. Random processes are governed by the laws of probability and cannot be forecast except for a certain degree of directionality. Deterministic processes however, are predictable and tend towards a repeated outcome. It is necessary to consider the true role of stochasticity in evolution, first in the frame of intrinsic processes within species such as mutation. Then, exploring how chance governs extrinsic processes which direct the course of evolution such as isolating mechanisms, whilst appreciating the interplay of determinism at certain levels†¦show more content†¦Changes in gene sequence can be brought about by the action of transposable elements. These insert randomly over the entire genome and if this occurs in an exon it can result in an altered gene product. Transposable elemen ts can also stimulate changes in gene expression, by changing the regulatory region a gene is influenced by. The extent to which changes in gene expression can affect evolution is demonstrated by diverse beak morphology in Darwin’s finches. It was discovered that there was a strong link between the expression of Bmp4 and the depth and breadth of the beak. This demonstrates the profound impact that changing expression patterns can have on phenotype, and the significance of the random events that lead to the altered expression in evolution. Gross chromosomal rearrangements such as inversions, translocations and deletions can also result from the action of transposable elements and can alter how groups of genes are inherited by changing linkage groups. Recombination is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes. This act remixes existing genetic information into new combinations and is therefore of evolutionary significance. Genes linked by their position to alleles undergoing positive selection, but themselves are not at a selective advantage, are said to be hitchhiking. Recombination alters the genes that are linked and can cause a random gene to spread due to being linked to a selectively advantageous allele. Although randomnessShow MoreRelatedThe Effect Of Genetic Diversity On Living Things Are The Five Processes Of Evolution1461 Words   |  6 Pagesof genetic diversity in living things are the five processes of evolution. These five processes- genetic drift, gene flow, natural selection, speciation, and mutations- all affect allele frequencies within a population in different ways, thus, creating genetic diversity. Population change is in direct relation to both genetic drift and gene flow. Genetic drift is defined as â€Å"variation in the relative frequency of different genotypes in a small population.† This variation is caused by two types ofRead MoreBiology lab Essay1805 Words   |  8 PagesHardy-Weinberg Law. The law proves that natural selection is necessary for evolution to occur (SparkNotes: population genetics, 2014). The conditions set up by the Hardy-Weinberg Law allow for variability (the existence of different alleles) and inheritance, but they eliminate natural selection (SparkNotes: population genetics, 2014). The fact that no evolution occurs in a population meeting these conditions proves that evolution can only occur through natural selection (SparkNotes: population geneticsRead MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of Evolution1737 Words   |  7 PagesThe theory of evolution is one of the great intellectual revolutions of human history, drastically changing our perception of the world and of our place in it. Charles Darwin put forth a coherent theory of evolution and amassed a great body of evidence in support of this theory. In Darwin s time, most scientists fully believed that each organism and each adaptation was the work of the creator. Linneaus established the system of biologi cal classification that we use today, and did so in the spiritRead MoreChapter 23: the Evolution of Populations6020 Words   |  25 PagesBiology, 7e (Campbell) Chapter 23: The Evolution of Populations Chapter Questions 1) What is the most important missing evidence or observation in Darwins theory of 1859? A) the source of genetic variation B) evidence of the overproduction of offspring C) evidence that some organisms became extinct D) observation that variation is common in populations E) observation that competition exists in populations Answer: A Topic: Concept 23.1 Skill: Knowledge 2) Which hypothesis of inheritanceRead More2B study guide Essay7886 Words   |  32 Pagesdull). 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Humans-homo sapiens) Developed by Linnaeus in the 18th century Identifying Species 3 methods: Morphology ïÆ'   Form and shape ïÆ'   It is simple but there are natural variations in population Biology Read MoreModule Quizzes Essay14245 Words   |  57 Pagestime you scored a 10 out 10. You are excited and want to see the impact in your gradebook immediately. You are flabbergasted because you see a 2 out of 10 for that module. What should you do? Check back 24-48 hours later. If you still see no change, report an issue. If a negative feedback system reaches the Comparator what then occurs? Comparator will shut of controlled system Which of the following instances qualifies you as an Extra credit special case? You are in a car accident andRead MoreAp Psychology Review Packet12425 Words   |  50 Pages1.Absolute Threshold:  the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time. 2.Accommodation:  the process by which the eyes lens changes shape to focus near or far images on the retina. 3.Acetylcholine:  neurotransmitter that enables muscle action, learning and memory. 4.Achievement Motivation:  desire for accomplishment. 5.Achievement Test:  an exam designed to test what a person has earned. 6.Acoustic Encoding:  encoding of sound, especially words. 7.Acquisition:  the initial

Allen Ginsberg and HOWL Analysis and Response Essay Example For Students

Allen Ginsberg and HOWL: Analysis and Response Essay Throughout the ages of poetry, there is a poet who stands alone, a prominent figure who represents the beliefs and mors of the time. During the 1950s and 1960s, the Beatnik era in America brought forth poets who wrote vivid, realistic poetry in response to the rise of bigotry, crimes against the innocent, and the loss of faith in the national government. With little euphemism, they wrote about homosexual sex, drug abuse, and other brazen topics. Of this Beat Generation, as they were called, Allen Ginsberg rises above the rest as the pseudo-poet laureate of the group (Burns 125). His most well-known poem, HOWL, caused an incredible amount of controversy; however, it also forever changed the world of poetry. Allen Ginsberg was born in Newark, New Jersey in 1926 to an upstanding middle class Jewish family. In a lifetime of literary accomplishment, he has moved from the position of a curiosity on the borders of society to become the hero of a broad-based subculture. In 1943, Ginsberg entered Columbia University where he met Jack Kerouac and William Burroughs, two names that would later join him as fathers of a literary/social movement known as the Beat Generation. Ginsbergs subject matter focused on the activities of his social circle and included such things as drug use and homosexual sex. These topics hadnt been written about so openly, without some sort of literary masking before. Ginsbergs far-ranging, wildly expressive style greatly impacted the evolution of modern literature. His literary odyssey created a vast legacy of poetry and the publication of many books of poetry and prose. Perhaps most notable, Howl, was published in 1956 by Lawrence Ferlinghettis City Lights bookstore in San Francisco. A landmark court decision found Howl to be not obscene (Ehrlich 57). Allen Ginsbergs monumental poem was first heard in a series of famous readings that signaled the arrival of the Beat Generation of writers. The first of these readings took place in October 1955 at the Six Gallery in San Francisco. It was Allen Ginsbergs first public performance, and it made him instantly famous at the age of twenty-nine. The poem is part Walt Whitman, part Old Testament hellfire ranting, and one-hundred-percent performance art. The lines in the famous first part of the poem tumble over each other in long unbroken breaths, all adding to a single endless sentence: I saw the best minds of my generation destroyed by madness, starving hysterical naked, dragging themselves through the negro streets at dawn looking for an angry fix, angelheaded hipsters burning for the ancient heavenly connection to the starry dynamo in the machinery of night (Ginsberg 5) The rhythms of the rolling, crashing words portray a vivid picture of Ginsbergs friends and their numerous adventures across America. Ginsberg is describing his fellow travelers, the crazy, lonely members of his community of misunderstood poet artists, unpublished novelists, psychotics, radicals, pranksters, sexual deviants and junkies. At the time that he wrote this hed seen several of his promising young friends broken or killed: who distributed Supercommunist pamphlets in Union Square weeping and undressing while the sirens of Los Alamos wailed them down, and wailed down Wall, and the Staten Island Ferry also wailed, who broke down crying in white gymnasiums naked and trembling before the machinery of other skeletons, who bit detectives in the neck and shrieked with delight in police cars for committing no crime but their own wild cooking pederasty and intoxication (Ginsberg 7) Each of these describe real-life events by people Ginsberg knew, but the poem is especially dedicated to Carl Solomon, Ginsbergs insane hyper-intellectual friend who hed met in a mental hospital years before. In the poem, Ginsberg makes mention of Solomons actions at a lecture where he threw potato salad at the professor teaching on Dadaism. It is Carl Solomons insanity that drove Ginsberg to write this poem, especially because it reminded him of his mothers own unspeakable insanity (which he finally wrote about in Kaddish, but here he can only say with mother finally ******). Carls insanity also reminds him of himself (Hyde 22). This first section of the poem is a seven page typed list of all the spirits broken, impaired , or thoroughly destroyed by a force he would not name until the second part of the poem. (Burns 104). Since he did not feel that he was writing for publication, Ginsberg felt free to experiment. He replaced his normally short lines with the Kerouac and jazz influenced long line. He employed a cataloguing style similar to that used by Walt Whitman in Song of Myself, and he broke the long lines into a triadic ladder structure that he learned from William Carlos Williams. Ginsberg describes the poems structure as a huge sad comedy of wild phrasing, meaningless images for the beauty of abstract poetry of mind running along making awkward combinations like Charlie Chaplins walk, long saxophone -like chorus lines I knew Kerouac would hear the sound of. (Schumacher 220) Part I of Howl was not completed , though, in the order in which it now appears. Ginsberg went back over the poem, categorizing each stanza thematically from A to D. He then grouped the stanzas accordingly. The categories were: A. Lines proceeding from or around New York, including Columbia University and Madison Avenue, the Lower East Side, and Ginsbergs apartment. B. Lines relating to the break of life between the womb of college days and the shock and alienation entering the world, making a crippled living outside of family and academic shelterthis motif accounting vocational failure or readjustment, leaving the city, or nervous breakdown, typical post-college crisis. (Schumacher 226) C. The Bill Of Rights EssayI didnt linger on it too long, I assure you. Ferlinghetti was found innocent of publishing obscene books and was quickly set free. Though this is Ginsbergs most famous poem, when a friend of mine asked him to sign a copy of it at a poetryreading he said, This isnt my best work. The year of 1955 was particularly difficult for Allen Ginsberg. Seeking a new creative direction after failing to get his collectionEmpty Mirror published, he decided to take his analysts advice and quit his day job, move in with his lover (Peter Orlovsky,) and devote all of his time to poetry. Having quit his job, though, he found himself plagued with financial difficulties. Living with his lover led to emotional problems; and to top it off he was suffering writers block. These problems led Ginsberg to begin studying Buddhism under his friend and fellow Beat writer Jack Kerouac. With the practice of Dhyana meditation, he hoped to attain a level of heightened consciousness similar to that he experienced during his visions of William Blake. It would take a great deal of study, however, until his Buddhist studies became infused into his work. In the meantime he immersed himself in Classical Greek and Roman poetry, Ezra Pounds translations of Chinese odes, and the works of Herman Hesse, in addition to classical Buddhist texts such as the Surangama Sutra. What seems to have had the strongest influence on Ginsbergs new writings of this period, however, was not literature but rather the painting of Paul Cezanne. Studying biographies of the painter and color reproductions of his work, Ginsberg sought to understand how Cezanne juxtaposed planes and made use of what he called petite sensation in such a way as to induce quick flashes of illumination in those looking at his works. The Great Bathers utilizes juxtapositioning of bathers in the foreground with a townscape in the background. It was this painting which provided Ginsberg with the illuminative flash comparable to his Blake vision. He would now seek the same effect with his poetry. The object would be to juxtapose written imagery in such a way as to produce what he and K erouac referred to as eyeball kicks. In Dream Record: June 8, 1955 Ginsberg recorded a dream in which he was back in Mexico having a conversation with Joan Vollmer, the accidentally murdered wife of William Burroughs. Devoting parts of the poem to passages about the dream, and parts to passages about Vollmers death, he was moderately successful in achieving the petite sensation effect. But despite praise by William Burroughs for the poem, Ginsberg was still basically blocked. He attempted unsuccessfully to complete two other larger works, and was only able to write in flashes, single lines of imagery recorded haphazardly in his journals. There was one line though, which he would soon return to alter somewhat and expand on greatly:I saw the best mind angel-headed hipster damned The poem which would grow out of this line was, of course,Howl. And quite a growth it was. Ginsbergs lover Orlovsky had recently left on a hitchhiking trip of the east coast, and Ginsberg now had some much needed solitude. One August afternoon Ginsberg was visited by the muse; she came back with a vengeance. In a few short hours the entire first section of Howl was finished. Ginsberg described how he: sat idly at my desk by the first-floor window facing Montgomery Streets slope to gay broadwayonly a few blocks from City Lights literary paperback bookshop. I had only a secondhand typewriter, some cheap scratch paper. I began typing, not with the idea of writing a formal poem, but stating my imaginative sympathies, whatever they were worth. He is an extraordinarily prolific artist, having had over forty books published and eleven albums produced. Aliens friendship and literary experimentation with Jack Kerouac and William Burroughs began in 1945, and a decade later as this core group expanded to include other poets and writers, it came to be known as the Beat Generation. (Hyde 72). He has received numerous honors, including the National Book Award for Poetry, a Guggenheim Foundation Fellowship, National Arts Club Medal, 1986 Struga Festival Golden Wreath, and the Manhattan Borough President David Dinkins Medal of Honor for Literary Excellence 1989. A potent figure in the cultural revolution of the sixties, he has been arrested with Dr. Benjamin Spock for blocking the Whitehall Draft Board steps, has testified at the U. S. Senate hearings for the legalization of psychedelics and been teargassed for chanting Om at the Lincoln Park Yippie Life Festival at the 1968 Presidential convention in Chicago. His Collected Poems 1947-1980, were published in 1984 with White Shroud and the 30th Anniversary Howl annotated issue in 1 986. Several books of his photographs and a recordlCD of his poetry-jazz album, The Lion for Real, appeared in 1989. He is a member of the National Institute of Arts and Letters, and is a Distinguished Professor at Brooklyn College and a member of the Executive Board of PEN American Center. A practicing Buddhist, Alien cofounded Naropa Institutes Jack Kerouac School of Disembodied Poetics in Boulder, Colorado. In 1997 the Beat Generation lost their beloved poet, and Allen Ginsberg became a legend (Schumacher 312).

mythology Research Paper Example

mythology Paper The role of women in ancient Greek life was insignificant compared to that of Greek men. A womans Job was to take care of the children and to cook and clean unless she had servants or slaves that would do it for her. Yet, in Greek mythology, women were often written as major characters. Well-known Greek plays contain many well- written, complex, female characters. Female individuals in Greek mythology were often seen as very powerful and fierce Greek mythology is the body of myths and teachings that belong to the ancient Greeks, concerning their gods and heroes, the ature of the world, and the origins and significance of their own cult and ritual practices. It was a part of the religion in ancient Greece. Modern scholars refer to and study the myths in an attempt to throw light on the religious and political institutions of Ancient Greece and its civilization, and to gain understanding of the nature of myth-making itself. l] Greek mythology is explicitly embodied in a large collection of narratives, and implicitly in Greek representational arts, such as vase-paintings and votive gifts. Greek myth attempts to explain the origins of the world, and details the lives and dventures of a wide variety of gods, goddesses, heroes, heroines, and mythological creatures. These accounts initially were disseminated in an oral-poetic tradition; today the Gre ek myths are known primarily from Greek literature. We will write a custom essay sample on mythology specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on mythology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on mythology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The oldest known Greek literary sources, Homers epic poems Iliad and Odyssey, focus on the Trojan War and its aftermath. Two poems by Homers near contemporary Hesiod, the Theogony and the Works and Days, contain accounts of the genesis of the world, the succession of divine rulers, the succession of human ages, the origin of human woes, and the origin of sacrificial practices. Myths are also preserved in the Homeric Hymns, in fragments of epic poems of the Epic Cycle, in lyric poems, in the works of the tragedians of the fifth century BC, in writings of scholars and poets of the Hellenistic Age, and in texts from the time of the Roman Empire by writers such as Plutarch and Pausanias. Archaeological findings provide a principal source of detail about Greek mythology, with gods and heroes featured prominently in the decoration of many artifacts. Geometric designs on pottery of the eighth century BC depict scenes from the Trojan ycle as well as the adventures of Heracles. In the succeeding Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic periods, Homeric and various other mythological scenes appear, supplementing the existing literary evidence. [2] Greek mythology has had an extensive influence on the culture, arts, and literature of Western civilization and remains part of Western heritage and language. Poets and artists from ancient times to the present have derived inspiration from Greek mythology and have discovered contemporary significance and relevance in the themes. [3] mythology By monicalhouston

Between Might and Right essays

Between Might and Right essays Herzel believed that anti-Semitism was an incurable gentile pathology. Zionism was developed as an ideology determined to lead its people out of perpetual enemy territory. The Jews, he posited, should have a nation-state of their own. Herzel himself would have been ready to contemplate any territory for this purpose, but most Zionists felt that Palestine was the only possible one. Palestine was the land of their ancestors; the idea of the return to Zion, of Next Year in Jerusalem, had been kept alive throughout the long centuries of exile and suffering; only the mighty legend of Palestine had the power to stir the Jewish masses. Herzel said It is their [the Arabs of Palestine] well-being, their individual wealth, which we will increase by bringing in our own. But we must not forget that Herzel was a man of his times, times in which an ethnocentric European imperialism dominated the backwards lands of the world through conquest and control. The moral dilemmas derived from the f orce necessary in accomplishing such imposing goals in the service of civilization did not seem as reprehensible as it does in todays day and age. In approaching a dilemma or conflict of sorts one must decide what one wishes to gain in its resolution. However, assuming a resolution is not at hand, one must decide what values intrinsic to sustaining their own livelihood are most important to them. Indeed, only after these principle values have been established can one even begin to attempt forming a resolution to their moral dilemma. Herzel knew that immigration into an already populated country would soon turn the natives against the newcomers ... Immigration is consequently futile unless based on an assured supremacy. Even at this fledgling conception of Jewish Nationhood the principle values of strength, superiority, and victorious military power were realized. However ...

Why 0% Unemployment Isnt Actually a Good Thing

Why 0% Unemployment Isnt Actually a Good Thing While on the surface it appears that a 0% unemployment rate would be terrific for the citizens of a country, having a small amount of unemployment is actually desirable. To understand why  we need to look at the three types (or causes) of unemployment. 3 Types of Unemployment Cyclical Unemployment is defined as occurring when the unemployment rate moves in the opposite direction as the GDP growth rate. So when GDP growth is small (or negative) unemployment is high. When the economy goes into recession and workers are laid off, we have cyclical unemployment.Frictional Unemployment: The Economics Glossary defines frictional unemployment as unemployment that comes from people moving between jobs, careers, and locations. If a person quits his job as an economics researcher to try and find a job in the music industry, we would consider this to be frictional unemployment.Structural Unemployment: The glossary defines structural unemployment as unemployment that comes from there being an absence of demand for the workers that are available. Structural unemployment is often due to technological change. If the introduction of DVD players cause the sales of VCRs to plummet, many of the people who manufacture VCRs will suddenly be out of work. By looking at these three types of unemployment, we can see why having some unemployment is a good thing. Why Some Unemployment Is a Good Thing Most people would argue that since cyclical unemployment is the by-product of a weak economy, it is necessarily a bad thing, though some have argued that recessions are good for the economy.   What about frictional unemployment? Lets go back to our friend who quit his job in economic research to pursue his dreams in the music industry. He quit a job he disliked to attempt a career at the music industry, even though it caused him to be unemployed for a short while. Or consider the case of a person who is tired of living in Flint and decides to make it big in Hollywood and who arrives in Tinseltown without a job. A great deal of frictional unemployment comes from people following their hearts and their dreams. This is certainly a positive type of unemployment, though we would hope for these individuals sakes that they do not stay unemployed for too long. Finally, structural unemployment. When the car became commonplace, it cost a lot of buggy manufacturers their jobs. At the same time, most would argue that the automobile, on net, was a positive development. The only way we could ever eliminate all structural unemployment is by eliminating all technological advancement. By breaking down the three types of unemployment into cyclical unemployment, frictional unemployment, and structural unemployment, we see that an unemployment rate of 0% is not a positive thing. A positive rate of unemployment is the price we pay for technological development and for people chasing their dreams.

Why teachers salary should increase Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Why teachers salary should increase - Essay Example While education takes up most of the childhood and teenage years, it benefits the whole adult life of a person. While education could really, and actually, happen anywhere, formal education within school settings is what really provides an individual with ammunition later on in life. One cannot disregard the significance of education in life. In fact, in today’s world, an individual is disregarded if without education. Education is not only there to increase one’s knowledge, but also to shape one’s character. It develops the rational aspect of a human being. Now, when one talks about education, one cannot help but think about teachers. This is because education is a teacher-driven industry. Without teachers, education will not be possible (Vedder 17-8). The important status of the teaching profession is the main reason why teachers’ salary should be increased. A higher salary for teachers would mean that existing teachers would feel more inspired as they g o about their daily teaching routine (Mishel and Roy 69). It could also mean that the teaching industry will be more able to attract the best and the brightest minds (Cunningham and Sperry 38). It will also mean that more potential teachers will be inclined to give the career more consideration, which could decrease teaching shortage (Vedder 7). More Inspiration for Teachers Work is all about motivation. While many people will say that a career is based on what one wants to do, at the end of the day, one would hope that what one wants to do is also something that would put food on the table, roof over the heads, and clothes on the back. In addition, it is not asking too much to include a reliable car to make lives easier, along with extra funds to indulge into leisure moments occasionally. It is true that several teachers are able to afford all these things without problems, but one cannot really claim that these things are acquired without many problems (Mishel and Roy 71-2). The t eaching profession should be able to offer such a salary that could at least ensure noble teachers that they could provide education to individuals without enduring a profession that will make them sacrifice some of their personal needs and wants. It is a well-accepted fact that motivated workers are more productive in their jobs. While this is not to say that money is the only source of motivation, removing the barrier of money issues would certainly help a lot in alleviating the situation of people involved in such â€Å"thankless† jobs (Mishel and Roy 75-6). Attracting the Best and the Brightest Minds Everyone has heard a story somewhere of a teacher who has left the profession to enter the corporate world, and the biggest reason stated has always been better paychecks. This is especially true among highly effective and intelligent teachers in the industry. It is understandable that people who have a big potential to really make it big in the better-paying corporate world would be enticed to switch professions. This is coupled by the additional attraction that corporate jobs could be less stressful, where one does not have to take the work back home. If teachers feel that their efforts are being recognized in the paychecks, there would be lesser chances of job switch. Furthermore, it could lessen, if not remove, the connotation that teaching is a thankless career. To do so could attract more brilliant students into the teaching industry (Cunningham and Sperry 38-9). This is not to say, though, that only average people are attracted to get into teaching. However, one cannot disregard the possibility that many highly effective and brilliant individuals who want to get into teaching would settle for better-paying jobs instead, even though they want to teach (Cunningham and S

An examination of how Arlafoods practices Relationship marketing in Essay

An examination of how Arlafoods practices Relationship marketing in the dairy industry. Why relationship marketing has become important in dairy service bas - Essay Example lysis, will be able to relate to the increased threat of new entrants or competitors, the availability of substitute products, decreased bargaining power of suppliers, increased bargaining power of buyers, and increased intensity of rivalry within the industry. Government deregulation, globalization, and technological advances have changed the â€Å"minimum requirements† for organizations to remain competitive. Dairy industry producers and farmers have been hard hit by these changes. Increasing production levels, rising production costs, and softening market prices have resulted in the commoditization of dairy products. Companies such as ARLA Foods have had to re-examine its way of doing business in order to adapt to this new environment; in particular, ARLA Foods has redefined its business with its focus on customer relationship marketing. This proposal will examine ARLA Foods’ implementation of new strategies of relationship marketing and its corresponding self-realignment activities. The proponent of the study is currently employed with ARLA Foods. Kotler (2000) defines marketing as: â€Å"the process of planning, and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of goods, ideas, and services, to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational goals.† Through manipulation of the â€Å"4 Ps† (Product, Price, Place, Promotion or the marketing mix), marketers seek to meet and satisfy customer’s needs and wants through a process of exchange that may culminate in a transaction. What forms the bases of the â€Å"4Ps† framework? Christopher, Clark, Peck, and Payne (1999) trace the framework’s origins to Borden’s work in 1960s. Borden identified 12 factors that comprised the â€Å"marketing mix† that influenced demand. These 12 factors would later be simplified in the popular â€Å"4Ps† framework. The prevailing mass manufacturing – mass marketing conditions of the 1950s and 1960s, with its emphasis on customer acquisition rather

Balancing Family & Work Life Essay Example for Free

Balancing Family Work Life Essay I. Introduction A. Thesis Statement Attending school as an adult, and maintaining a source of employment can be a daunting task, as many adults who had to delay their college education must know. One of the most challenging aspects of adult life consists of learning how to adjust accordingly to the rigors of life at home as well as the workplace. Failure to do so can lead to a life of complete disarray, stress, illness and exhaustion. II. Body Paragraph #1 – Topic Sentence #1 Traditionally the typical age group for freshmen in college was between 18 to 19 years of age. That reality has slowly changed as more young adults are finding their way back in the classroom, while holding down a job. The information I found in P.14 of the ebrary book: Families and Work: New Directions in the Twenty-First Century, by Fredriksen-Goldsen, Karen I. states: â€Å"Of the more than 69 million American parents with children under the age of 18 (Famighetti, 1998), almost 90 percent are employed (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1998).† At the same time, there are working professionals attempting to achieve a college education in order to refine their skills, or to gain new ones. Among those working adults, young couples typically tend to have a harder time with managing the broad aspects of life, especially those who are in the early stages of their relationship, which has the potential to result in a lot of growing pains. A. Supporting evidence The information found in an article from the following website; http://pods.dasnr.okstate.edu/docushare/dsweb/Get/Document-2421/T-2233web.pdf states: â€Å"Family and work settings have a built-in potential for conflict. Adults may get overwhelmed with the excessive demands that are required of them from either end of the spectrum, leaving them with the feeling of having very little time to accomplish those tasks.† Finding a balance between work and home involves finding ways of accomplishing the tasks at home as well as duties at work. Those responsibilities are often shared among couples in a healthy relationship. The equality of the shared house  chores, however, is up or debate. It has long been stated that the task of maintaining the home primarily fell on the woman’s shoulders, while the man focuses mainly on duties in the workplace. For some married couples, trying to get their husband to help with the housework typically led to domestic disputes. In recent years however, men have been getting more involved with parenting than ever before. A passage from (Giraffe 2011) states: â€Å"The recession of 2008 contributed to this arrangement because increased unemployment left more fathers available to care for their children and the reduced family income made outside childcare services unaffordable.† The traditional view of the American household should change because of an increase in the number of two-parent families entering the labor force. One of the primary services built around that change in society is the daycare system. Many of those two-parent families, as well as single parents may not have direct support from their families to take care of the children while they’re away at work. While some of the household work, such as childcare and housekeeping, has transitioned to outside providers, many working mothers cannot afford to employ these services (Giraffe, 2011). Unfortunately a big portion of their income goes to high daycare fees. III. Body Paragraph #2 – Topic Sentence #2 When the constants demands of life are far too much to bear, employees tend to feel the need to escape, and seek an alternate reality. We must look at the adverse effects that those long work hours have on the human body. Overworked individuals can suffer from work related illnesses as a result of excessive stress. Work related stress can result from extended hours due to mandatory overtime in some case. An employer’s rigid work hours which can prevent employees from tending to occasional issues at home can also be blamed for stress on the job. Employees suffering the effects of stress in the workplace tend to have bouts of absenteeism. A. Supporting evidence Absenteeism in the workplace is a major issue, with tangible and intangible costs. Although the absentee loses wages in the process, the major loss is at the expense of the employer. The ebrary book by Lynn  Tylczak, (Attacking absenteeism 1990), describes the intangible costs of absenteeism as follows: â€Å"Absentee costs are difficult to quantify. Experts estimate direct wage loses of more than $30 billion per year, and that’s just the beginning. Employers also need to consider the costs of supplementary or replacement workers. These costs include: Regular wages, overtime wages, and company benefits Supplementary benefits, such as Social Security, worker’s compensation, and unemployment compensation Administration of recruitment, selection orientation, and training Penalty costs resulting from delays.† The author (Lynn T. 1990) also gives the following explanation from the tangible cost of absenteeism: â€Å"It forces managers to deal with problems of morale, discipline, job dissatisfaction, job stress, team spirit, productivity, turnover, production quality, additional administration and overhead.† Many employers have become more cognizant of the disastrous effects of having stressful employees in the workplace. This is not only calculated in monetary losses based on productivity, but also in the valuable asset (the employee) which could potentially offset those losses. IV. Body Paragraph #3 Topic sentence # 3 Those who value their time with their families certainly appreciate the value of being away from work. This is particularly why a lot of us look forward to our vacation time. It us the opportunity to recharge our batteries and gives us the courage to return to our regular lives. Many employers have adapted to the changes in society by implementing new ways for employees to earn vacation time from work. A. Supporting evidence While some of us are comfortable being â€Å"working stiffs†, most people would rather look forward to their time away from work. An ebrary book by ANDERSON, NELS titled Work and Leisure states: â€Å"Although leisure reflects and supplements work, it is also used as a release from work. Some are of the view that unless a man has worked he cannot really enjoy leisure. They hold that while a man is working to earn a wage or salary, he also ‘earns’ leisure.† It is absolutely true that in order to fully enjoy our vacation time, we must work hard for it. That time of leisure can then be considered our reward for achieving the demands required of us in the workplace. Those who properly plan their vacation can benefit from sights  rarely seen in everyday life. Most people find it more beneficial to take their vacation in some exotic location. The topic on how to enjoy a proper vacation will vary from one employee to the next. V. Body Paragraph #4 Topic sentence # 4 Employers have devised lots of ways to keep valuable talent within their workforce, while allowing them time to accomplish their house work. Those arrangements can be profitable to the employer as well as the employee in some cases. Some of the sensible ways employers provide to employees are flextime, teleworking, and employee incentive just to name a few. A. Supporting evidence Flextime is highly valuable to employees because it allows them to have more control over the balancing act of work and home life. It also provides them the option of choosing when to complete their work. Flextime allows employees to handle personal business such as doctor appointments or school functions without having to take sick leave or vacation time. Employers personnel needs are met and they get employees at their best. In highly skilled positions where competition for employees is fierce and employee turnover costly, flexible schedules can also reduce attrition by making employees more content with their jobs (Giraffe, 2011). Teleworking provides some lucky employees the opportunity to work remotely. With this system employees can either work from home or in some shared work spaces. In most cases employees would prefer to work from home because it is the ideal place to work from. This reduces the work commute, and the amount stress to the employee. It takes an especially disciplined employee to work from home, because of the constant distractions from home can cause the employee’s work performance to suffer. Employers must be careful when considering the type of employees they provide that opportunity to. Through teleworking, some employees do get to achieve balance between family and work life.

The Magic Barrel :: essays research papers

The Character of Salzman The character of Salzman, throughout the novel becomes increasingly mysterious. His appearance at many different times is extremely awkward. It is also spooky how he has the knowledge of things that he plainly should not be informed of. His character to put it plainly is just weird. Salzman has the typical salesman characteristics in the start of the novel. Instead of selling the products of material possession, he is already weird because he chooses to sell other people. His work is also mysterious. He doesn't simply lie out all he has on the table, but instead sifts through what he has, and shows what he wants. This is evident in his choosing of just a few perspective females out of the "magic barrel." He took the small amount of information that he acquired from a short conversation and said to have weeded out all of the choices that were not fit for Leo. Also, he made Leo wait and go through steps before he agreed to show the pictures of these individuals to him. I t was just plainly weird. In the end of the story is where it becomes increasingly stranger. At the point in which Leo seemed to finally find out some of the secrets about Salzman, when he went to his house and found that it wasn't exactly what he had expected. The "magic barrel" was not there. This was the basis of the story and a main point in what we knew about the mysterious salesman of people. Leo was supposed to be one step closer to finding out what is hidden about Salzman, but instead after he returned to his apartment, he was more shocked by how the man knew exactly where to be at that time. The final sentence or final thought of the novel makes the reader even more confused about the actual character of Salzman. He commences to say a prayer when the man in whom he has been searching for a match for, finally found a female. The Magic Barrel :: essays research papers The Character of Salzman The character of Salzman, throughout the novel becomes increasingly mysterious. His appearance at many different times is extremely awkward. It is also spooky how he has the knowledge of things that he plainly should not be informed of. His character to put it plainly is just weird. Salzman has the typical salesman characteristics in the start of the novel. Instead of selling the products of material possession, he is already weird because he chooses to sell other people. His work is also mysterious. He doesn't simply lie out all he has on the table, but instead sifts through what he has, and shows what he wants. This is evident in his choosing of just a few perspective females out of the "magic barrel." He took the small amount of information that he acquired from a short conversation and said to have weeded out all of the choices that were not fit for Leo. Also, he made Leo wait and go through steps before he agreed to show the pictures of these individuals to him. I t was just plainly weird. In the end of the story is where it becomes increasingly stranger. At the point in which Leo seemed to finally find out some of the secrets about Salzman, when he went to his house and found that it wasn't exactly what he had expected. The "magic barrel" was not there. This was the basis of the story and a main point in what we knew about the mysterious salesman of people. Leo was supposed to be one step closer to finding out what is hidden about Salzman, but instead after he returned to his apartment, he was more shocked by how the man knew exactly where to be at that time. The final sentence or final thought of the novel makes the reader even more confused about the actual character of Salzman. He commences to say a prayer when the man in whom he has been searching for a match for, finally found a female.

Cardinals wholesaler case

The fraud triangle is helpful in explaining motivation for employees to fraud the company: Motive, Opportunity, and rationalization are the trigger for employees to perpetrate any company. Motive-incentive or pressure that drives an individual to commit fraud. This is caused by life pressures, illicit activities or lifestyles needs that create personal financial problems. Opportunity-a condition or situation that allows fraud to occur. Both the design and effectiveness or internal controls play a key role in this regard.Rationalization-is the attitude or mindset that enables the individual to rationalize the fraudulent act. Bill Carter- an angry, ex-employee that felt unfairly fired. Bill felt pressure from financial obligation and the need to support his family after being fired. With debts totaling $38,000 and educational expenses for his oldest son, Bill felt desperate about his financial situation and grew angrier giving him a motive to commit fraud. Bill was the purchasing depar tment manager and was aware of the weak internal control that existed in the company.He knew that there was no segregation of duties in the company because as a former manager he knew that the person who approved vendor list also approved the payment. With this in mind we can see how opportunity to commit fraud is present. His rationalization was that the company owed him for using him as a escape goat to prove their point and he also felt that a lucrative company as Cardinal would not miss a few thousand dollars. Mike Smith-had large debts, a gambling problem and a lifestyles hard to maintain.He also felt he owe his friend Bill for accepting his position after he was fired. All this together gave him the motive required to commit fraud. Now being the purchasing department supervisor he was in a position where he was capable of perpetrating the fraud because Bill had informed him that segregation of duty was not present in the company. He knew that he was the person in charge Of app roving the vendor list as well as the payment. And lastly Mike rationalization was that this was the only way for him to pay-off his debts and make a fresh start.He also felt that he could always back off the scheme after his debts were all gone. Four areas of Fraud Bill Carter had been employed for 22 years with a Fortune 500 corporation where he was the purchasing department manager. He had been married and had three children with his oldest attending an Ivy University. Unfortunately due to an indiscretion Bill was fired and was worried that his fife would find out what had happen. With only a two week severance pay he felt pressure to find a source of income to provide for his family.Consequently Bill decided to pull a vendor scheme with the help of his friend Mike Smith. As I conducted a review of the vendor list I revealed that they were six vendors suspicious of fraud. I was able to identify the six vendors because they either had a post office box address, no phone number lis ted, and they either had an invalid taxpayer identification number or were missing the number altogether. Also the invoices were created using an excel broadsheet invoice template which is a common characteristic of fictitious vendors.The search also revealed that Bill Carter created the vendor as well as opened the bank account. Unfortunately for Bill one drunken night at a bar he revealed to a stranger what he had done. Vendor scheme was created by Bill Carter and Mike Smith In a fictitious vendor scheme the fraudster establishes a shell company in this case was Trig-State company. A shell company exists on paper only but provides no goods or services to the victim organization which the organization then pays for without having receive any goods in return.This scheme is only possible when the fraudster can place the shell company in the victim's organization ‘s approved vendor list, either through poor internal controls or an inside accomplice and Bill had both. Bill had Mi ke Smith as an accomplice and was aware of the lack of internal control that exist in the company. Shell company is not a legitimate business so it has no employees, no physical location or address, no phone number and an invalid or missing tax identification number. I realized that Trig-State trucking met all of the above.Lastly the scheme is easy to perpetrate when internal controls are cake. In this case figured out that Cardinals Wholesaler did not adequately segregated job responsibilities. Detection Bill Carter receives the check, endorses and deposits the money into the bank account of Trig-State Trucking. Here Bill has unrestricted access to the fund and can spend the money any way he wants. Some red flags were found that help conclude Bill and Mike had created a fictitious vendor scheme. Trig-State Trucking had an invalid tax payer identification, a valid tax id has nine digits and Trig-State only had seven.Trig-State had no physical address and was using a post office box. The invoices were created using an excel or word invoice template. All invoices for Trig-State had an even dollar amount with no tax included. Prevention Company needs to implement stronger internal controls by segregating duties to different people. One person should place vendors on the approved vendor list, the other should prepare the payment vouchers, and the other should approve the payment vouchers. The company should performed background checks on any new vendors prior to placing them on the approved vendor list.A CAFE should be engage periodically to review the approved vendor list and look for any red flags. Identifying the fictitious vendors There are four groups of vendors. Those possessing three, two, one, or zero suspicious characteristics. The Company Cardinals Wholesaler has been a list for the company to identify any existent fraudulent vendors in the group. To take care of this task I decided to narrow down the vendor list by searching for red flags that would be evident to the data base. To do this I decided to query three data fields using the excel auto filter function.These data fields are tax payer id, address, and phone number. Using this strategy I can rank the vendors and see how many suspicious characteristics they assess. The more characteristics found the easier it is to identify a fictitious vendor without having to inspect every single invoice in the company. As finished my query was able to identify six suspicious vendors. Here are the six vendors found and the characteristic that led me to believe they are suspicious. PC One missing phone number and using a post office box as address S&B Foods, Inc. Avian a wrong tax payer number and missing phone number Stamen Floral Distributors missing phone number and using post office box as address Thresher Beverages having a wrong tax payer number ND using a post office box as address Trig-State Trucking having a wrong tax payer id number and using a post office box as address The Conne ction having no tax payer id number and missing phone number As I reviewed the six suspicious vendors I found red flags that led me to believe that Trig-State trucking had the most suspicious characteristics.Trig- State trucking listed a post office box as its address Invoice number suggested Cardinal Wholesaler was their only client Vague description of goods or services received Balance due was an even amount with out taxes or shipping address Invalid tax payer identificationNo contact information provided on the invoice Invoice was created by an excel program Canceled checks showed no evidence of typical company expenses Personal items were paid using Trig-State Trucking bank account Checks made payable to Bill Carter and Mike Smith were signed by Bill Carter There are two types of schemes that are used to perpetrate a company Pass-through and fictitious. In a Pass-through scheme is a fictitious entity created with the sole purpose of committing fraud. With this scheme the compan y receives something in exchange for payment and the loss is the amount of the profit made by the fraudster.With a fictitious scheme the company has a fabricated name with a post office box. In this scheme the company receives nothing in return from the fictitious vendor except the bogus invoice and the fraud loss is the total payment made to the vendor. As I review the files have determined that the suspicious vendor is perpetrating fictitious vendor scheme. As I review the bank Statements and the return checks noticed that the fictitious company named Trig-State Trucking is a fictitious company. The checks show that they were used to purchase personal items as well as the fact that all the checks were sign byBill Carter the person who created the fictitious company. As I check the bank statements can also see that the vendor on this account is also Trig-State company which is using a post office box. And lastly, the checks that are made for Bill Carter and Mike Smith are signed by Bill Carter which give the indication that these are the payment they are getting for the bogus invoices they have created. To prevent a fictitious scheme from occurring Research shows 93% of all fraud schemes involves cash. The prevention of fraud in the future depends on the development of adequate controls and procedures.Here are some recommendation to prevent this type of fraud in the future. Background checks should be performed on all new vendors Verify receipts of items/services before paying vendor invoices Segregate the duties of approving vendors and vendor payments A review of canceled checks and bank statements by a third person Periodic review of the approved vendor list for any red flags Company needs to implement a stronger system of internal controls Bill Carter, an angry, terminated employee and Mike Smith, Carter's replacement joint together to perpetrate a fictitious vendor scheme against Cardinals Wholesaler.The scheme lasted five years were each perpetrator poc keted about $900,000. Cardinals Wholesaler was perpetrated when Bill Carter was fired and his friend Mike Smith became his replacement. Feeling loss and with no income Ben decided that all he needed was to create a fictitious vendor to scheme the company. Bill knew that to pull this off he needed an accomplice. This is when he brought Mike Smith who accepted the proposal due to his large debts and gambling problems. They created a shell company where the company is trick into paying vendor invoices for which it receives nothing in return.I believe it happened because Ben Carter was humiliated after being fired after 22 years of service. He felt it was unfair and as a payback he decided to setup a fraud to get back what he thought was owed to him. Bill Carter and Mike Smith plan the fraud to last enough for Bill to get back on his feet and for Mike to pay off his debts but after a while they noticed how well they were doing and how they were getting away with it. If it wasn't for Car ter's excessive drinking one night the scheme might have never been caught. I believe that what cause this to happen was how Bill was fired.

How did government affect agriculture Essay

The period of 1865-1900 was classified as an era of Republicans, where laissez-fare governments favored big businesses. Technology was significantly evolving, focusing mainly on urban manufacturing. New technological advancements in farming were sold to the farmers at high prices and shipped at high freight rates. Also, the prices of cash crops dropped during this period, causing many farmers to live in poor conditions. In government, the power of urban industry and big businesses overcame that of the pro-farming politicians. Technology, government policy, and economic conditions effectively declined agriculture politically, industrially, and economically. Impediments such as industrial issues, poor representation in government, and waning agricultural prices that the farmers were forced to face, made agriculture suffer greatly during the late 19th century. During this period, the U.S. was technologically evolving at a rapid rate. New inventions and advancements made life easier for the working class. Railroads, after spreading all over the nation, made any part of the country accessible and expanded the national market. Document B displays that the years 1870-1890, the number of railroads in the nations increased massively. Also, the number of railroads with major land grants grew as well. At first glance, this change seems to have benefited the farmers, but actually did the opposite. It is true that railroads allowed the farmers to expand and have a way to ship their harvest and cattle a lot faster to more markets. However, greedy men like Cornelius Vanderbilt controlled the railroads. Extremely high freight rates made the farmers lose more than they expected. Likewise, the cost of shipping, taxes, low buying prices, overproduction, and cost of equipment, the farmer gained a mere profit. The technological advancements did make farming easier, but often were too expensive for the farmer to afford. In document D, a farmer during a wheat harvest preferred to use a team of about 30 horses instead of the possibly motorized mechanical harvester. New agricultural technology didnt help much or not even as effective as old methods and also was too expensive so farmers chose to stick with the old methods. Technology seemed better when looked at, but not in reality when it was put to use. This is an example that can be characterized by the era named by Mark Twain, The Gilded AgeThe nations government policy at the time was laissez-fare or hands-off government. The  Republicans were in power during this period and favored industry and the big businesses. Consequently, farmers had a poor representation in government both in-state and nationally. Agri cultural process was made, but still were limited gains. For example, a law was carried through the Illinois legislature and then Supreme Court to limit the freight rates and it was passed (Document C). As you can see, it was a small victory for the farmers and others, but still limited to only Illinois. Furthermore, the ones that contributed to the growth of agriculture were those part of the Populist party. The party consisted of people who favored the rights of the farmers. Several organizations were established to favor the farmers. For example, the Grangers and the Farmers Alliance were organizations that allowed its members that shared common goals to organize and unite. In document G Mary Elizabeth Lease delivers a speech to the people, telling them that the government lied to the people and deceived them. She proves her argument with the crop price reductions and claims of overproduction. Also, the government had problems dealing with the Indians and the settling of agricultural acres for Americans (Document I). A huge controversy during this period was the issue of the gold vs. silver standard. The Populists of course wanted the silver standard, for inflation and to flood the economy. This would help out the farmers and miners out west. William Jennings Bryan claimed that the country depended on farmers and without them the country would fall. Also, that the country should be in favor of the farmers because they provide for the nation and are more important than the cities (Document J). The hand-off policy of the Republicans did not allow for much improvement of the nations economy and even let it suffer as did the farmers. Not only did the farmers suffer, but as well as the whole nation because of presidents such as Grant and Hayes. Economic conditions for the farmers were poor and no one was there to help them. The farmers tried, but could not gain the silver standard they needed to improve their positions and finance themselves. Moreover, the big businesses and pro-wealthy Republicans were in the way of the farmers and holding them back. In document A, one can see that as the farmers produced more and more to make more money, the price of the crop dropped as well, thus, leading to overproduction and loss of money. Even if the farmer was  successful, he would have to give up his success to the government and railroads with more power in the industry. Nevertheless, on occasion contracts were signed, for example the one in North Carolina shown by Document E where the farmer would sign away half of his net proceeds, leaving him with hardly anything. The farmer was left crippled in a nettlesome cycle. Many times, the cattle and crops were shipped to far away markets such as Chicago, and the transit fare would increase as the distance increase (Document F). This struck hard at the pockets of the farmers. Many farmers were left to starve, out of work, and poor. Additionally, the poor weather such as hail would ruin the crops or the businessmen would take the crops (Document H). Consequently, the economic conditions did not favor the farmer, even though they provided for the nation, they were ruined by the people they help feed. This period part of the Gilded Age, America suffered because of a weak government policy and the big businesses had the real power. Unfortunately, the farmers were struck with the negative side effects that occurred from all this. American agriculture greatly declined, even though at first it seemed to have been benefited, it was industrially, politically, and economically destroyed and left in a tormenting cycle.

Social Media Essays - Mass Media, Social Media, Facebook, Internet

Social Media Essays - Mass Media, Social Media, Facebook, Internet Social Media Advantages and Disadvantages 6/1/2015 Social media seems to be the main source of every Americans day. A simple run to the local coffee shop can be known by many with a quick update to Facebook. A random thought that may have popped into ones head can be shared in a short 140 characters on twitter, and a picture of a civilian or even a city official doing something not so ethically correct can be posted and liked with two taps of the thumb. Social media is used to stay connected to the community and stay involved with whats going on in the world today. Social media is not just used in the United States, but all over the world. The internet take over can be used for a lot of good, but can also be used for a lot of bad. Although social media is enormously popular and is a good way to keep in touch, it also has a negative side. The advantages of information being easily obtained on social media are someone who is trying to find someone they lost contact with or a parent or child that went through adoption can find their loved one , and jobs can easily check a persons background to make sure they are who they say they are. Some disadvantages of social media are people provide too much of their personal information for everyone to see. Predators can easily find their next victim just by browsing one of the newest social media sites. Freedom of speech will be limited because an employer can see the things their employee likes on Facebook or who they follow on twitter and Instagram, an employee will not be able to maybe voice every like or dislike, or an opinion they may have due to their employer having access to their personal life. The advantages and disadvantages of social media is a bit of a tug-of-war battle. The advantages are people can stay connected to each other from thousands of miles away with just the click of a button or a swipe of the finger. Businesses can keep their customers informed of the things that are new and going on in their company. Entrepreneurs can advertise their businesses as well as well-established businesses can. People can share memories, share videos, and even plan a party and invite everyone on their friends list. The disadvantages are that if not used safely, social media can put people in danger. It can be used to slander someones name and tarnish their figure. Some people hide behind their true identities to meet people online, also called Catfish, and it could end up being extremely dangerous. The internet holds a lot of truth, but gives people a wide platform to hide behind a lot of lies and if one is not too careful, harm can come their way. There are many different ways people use social media. Knowing that the internet can be dangerous will not necessarily stop people from using it in a dangerous way or ignoring obvious signs. Some people will use the information and be cautious when sharing their information on social media and others will not. When parents are informed about how social media works (if they are not using it themselves) they would hopefully start monitoring their childrens social media intake and what they are sharing online. A person may also use the knowledge of the advantages and disadvantages of social media to explore the disadvantages. Someones complete identity could be stolen with just one picture and an email. With that being said, knowing the advantages and disadvantages of social media can definitely alter the way a person would use social media. Not everything on social media is true and not everything is false. These social media sites provide people with a large platform to be deceitful and also become someone they arent. Social media is use worldwide and can allow someone to connect with someone else on the their side of the world, for free! But social media, like every other technology, has its negatives that can put someone in harms way in a blink if an eye. References Facebook.com Instagram.com Twitter.com

Inca Star Worship and Constellations

Inca Star Worship and Constellations The stars in the sky were very important to the religion of the Inca. They identified constellations and individual stars and assigned them a purpose. According to the Inca, many of the stars were there to protect animals: every animal had a corresponding star or constellation which would look out for it. Today, traditional Quechua communities still see the same constellations in the sky as they did centuries ago. Inca Culture and Religion The Inca culture thrived in the Andes Mountains in western South America from the twelfth to sixteenth centuries. Although they started out as one ethnic group among many in the region, they embarked upon a campaign of conquest and assimilation and by the fifteenth century, they had achieved pre-eminence in the Andes and controlled an empire which stretched from present-day Colombia to Chile. Their religion was complicated. They had a pantheon of greater gods which included Viracocha, the creator, Inti, the Sun, and Chuqui Illa, the thunder god. They also worshiped huacas, which were spirits which could inhabit just about any remarkable phenomenon, such as a waterfall, large boulder or tree. The Inca and the Stars The sky was very important to the Inca culture. The sun and moon were considered gods and temples and pillars were laid out specifically so that heavenly bodies such as the sun would pass over pillars or through windows on certain days, such as the summer solstice. The stars played an important role in Inca cosmology. The Inca believed that Viracocha had planned for the protection of all living things, and that to each star corresponded a particular sort of animal or bird. The star grouping known as the Pleiades held particular influence over the lives of animals and birds. This group of stars was not considered a greater god but rather a huaca, and Inca shamans would regularly make sacrifices to it. Inca Constellations Like many other cultures, the Inca grouped the stars into constellations. They saw many animals and other things from their daily lives when they looked to the stars. There were two sorts of constellations for the Inca. The first are of the common variety, where groupings of stars are linked in connect-the-dots fashion to make images of gods, animals, heroes, etc. The Inca saw some such constellations in the sky but considered them inanimate. The other constellations were seen in the absence of stars: these dark blotches on the Milky Way were seen as animals and were considered living or animate. They lived in the Milky Way, which was considered a river. The Inca were one of the very few cultures who found their constellations in the absence of stars. Mach’acuay: The Serpent One of the major dark constellations was Machacuay, the Serpent. Although snakes are rare at the high altitudes where the Inca Empire thrived, there are a few, and the Amazon River basin is not far away to the east. The Inca saw serpents as highly mythological animals: rainbows were said to be serpents named amarus. Machacuay was said to oversee all snakes on Earth, protecting them and helping them procreate. The constellation Machacuay is a wavy dark band located on the Milky Way between Canis Major and the Southern Cross. The constellation serpent emerges head-first in the Inca region in August and begins to set in February: Interestingly, this mirrors the activity of real snakes in the zone, which are more active during the Andean rainy season of December to February. Hanp’atu: The Toad In a somewhat surprising twist on nature, Hanpatu the Toad chases Machacuay the Serpent out of the Earth in August as that segment of the Milky Way becomes visible in Peru. Hanpatu is seen in a lumpish dark cloud between Machacuays tail and the Southern Cross. Like the snake, the toad was an important animal to the Inca. The nocturnal croaking and chirping of frogs and toads were listened to attentively by Inca diviners, who believed that the more these amphibians croaked, the more likely it was to rain soon. Also like the snakes, the Andean toads are more active during the rainy season; in addition, they croak more at night when their constellation is visible in the sky. Hanpatu also had the added significance that his appearance in the night sky coincided with the beginning of the Inca agricultural cycle: when he showed up, it meant that the time to plant had come. Yutu: The Tinamou Tinamous are clumsy ground birds similar to partridges, common in the Andean region. Located at the base of the Southern Cross, Yutu is the next dark constellation to emerge as the Milky Way becomes visible in the night sky. Yutu is a dark, kite-shaped spot which corresponds to the Coal Sack Nebula. It chases Hanpatu, which makes some sense because tinamous are known to eat small frogs and lizards. The tinamou may have been selected (as opposed to any other bird) because it exhibits remarkable social behavior: male tinamous attract and mate with females, who lay their eggs in his nest before leaving to repeat the process with another male. Males, therefore, incubate the eggs, which could come from 2 to 5 mating partners. Urcuchillay: The Llama The next constellation to emerge is the llama, perhaps the most important of the constellations to the Inca. Although the llama is a dark constellation, the stars Alpha and Beta Centauri serve as its â€Å"eyes† and are the first to emerge when the llama rises in November. The constellation consists of two llamas, a mother, and a baby. Llamas were of great importance to the Inca: they were food, beasts of burden and sacrifices to the gods. These sacrifices often took place at certain times with astronomical significance such as equinoxes and solstices. Llama herders were particularly attentive to the movements of the celestial llama and offered it sacrifices. Atoq: The Fox The fox is a small black splotch at the feet of the llama: this is appropriate because Andean foxes eat baby vicuà ±as. When they foxes come by, however, the adult vicuà ±as gang up and attempt to trample the foxes to death. This constellation has a connection to earthly foxes: the Sun passes through the constellation in December, the time when baby foxes are born. Significance of Inca Star Worship The Inca constellations and their worship - or at least a certain respect for them and an understanding of their role in the agricultural cycle - are one of few aspects of Inca culture that survived the conquest, colonial era and 500 years of forced assimilation. The original Spanish chroniclers mentioned the constellations and their importance, but not in any great detail: fortunately, modern researchers have been able to fill in the gaps by making friends and doing fieldwork in rural, traditional Andean Quechua communities where people still see the same constellations their ancestors saw centuries ago. The nature of Inca reverence for their dark constellations reveals much about Inca culture and religion. To the Inca, everything was connected: The universe of the Quechuas is not composed of a series of discrete phenomena and events, but rather there is a powerful synthetic principle underlying the perception and ordering of objects and events in the physical environment. (Urton 126). The snake in the sky had the same cycle as earthly snakes and lived in a certain harmony with the other celestial animals. Consider this in contrast to traditional western constellations, which were a series of images (scorpion, hunter, scales, etc) that really didnt interact with one another or events here on Earth (except for vague fortunetelling). Sources Cobo, Bernabà ©. (translated by Roland Hamilton) Inca Religion and Customs. Austin: the University of Texas Press, 1990.Sarmiento de Gamboa, Pedro. (translated by Sir Clement Markham). History of the Incas. 1907. Mineola: Dover Publications, 1999.Urton, Gary. Animals and Astronomy in the Quechua Universe. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. Vol. 125, No. 2. (April 30, 1981). P. 110-127.

Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Law - Essay Example When conducting internet transactions, be careful to read the user agreements prior to reading them. Otherwise, one may find that they have granted fraudsters access to their personal information (Queensland Law essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words Law - Essay Example Although the Board of Directors has powers over the affairs of the corporation, these powers are not absolute. To protect the company and the shareholder, the Companies Act 2006 included several provisions that limit the powers of the Board of Directors. These limitations are not in anyway meant to curtail the ability of the Directors to respond to matters involving the affairs of the company but rather, these limitations are meant to focus the attention of the Directors on the things that are beneficial to the company. Aside from the limitations set forth in the Companies Act 2006, common law also limit the powers of the Board of Directors. There are several cases decided by the House of Lords regarding the scope and limitations of the powers of the Directors. To give us a clear picture of the limitations of the powers of the company Board of Directors under English law, let us look into the provisions of the Companies Act 2006 and review some of the leading cases decided by the courts regarding the extent of limitations of powers of the Board of Directors. Section 170 paragraph 3 of the Act states that â€Å"The general duties are based on certain common law rules and equitable principles as they apply in relation to directors and have effect in place of those rules and principles as regards the duties owed to a company by a director†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The duties of directors are covered under Chapter II section 171 to 177. According to section 171 of the Companies Act 2006, â€Å"A director of a company must (a) act in accordance with the company’s constitution, and (b) only exercise powers for the purposes for which they are conferred.† In other words, the Board of Directors may only exercise its powers for a proper purpose at all times. According to the court in the case of Harlowe’s Mominees Pty v Woodside2, proper purpose in this case means legal and moral intentions that are beneficial

Iegal concept working in restaurant Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Iegal concept working in restaurant - Term Paper Example It will seek to show what is legal under the law, the rights of the employee and the client under the law, and circumstances that can lead to claims from the customer. Basically, the Hospitality law encompasses a wide array of laws including the law of tort, contract law, real estate law, the law of anti-trust, among others (Barth, 2001). The degree to which this law relates to such laws has continuously evolved and changed accordingly to meet the dynamics of the hospitality industry. Nevertheless, this law is used greatly to set standards and guidelines that hospitality operators and employers use in offering goods and services to their customers. Typically, this law covers the history of how hospitality law came into being, the impact that state civil rights and federal laws have on the hospitality industry, and discussion of contract law such as how a customer enters into a contract with the restaurant employees or issues regarding reservations and overbooking (Langford, 2011). With the use of internet to make reservations and orders being on the rise, the Hospitality law has evolved to include such issues, as well. In addition, in the current world both the customers and the employees know their rights and the channels that they can use to launch complaints or make claims. In this regard, the Hospitality law has continually evolved as new and better knowledge keeps on emerging. In the recent past, cases of food poisoning and awareness of food illness have been on the rise with more people being interested in getting information about the restaurant that they eat from. This has brought the Hospitality law in restaurants at the front center of public conscience. In matters related to restaurant and food services, terrorists’ attacks against hotels have raised the importance of having hospitality law that will govern international affairs especially in the quest of protecting

Report about google analysis and PESTLE Assignment

Report about google analysis and PESTLE - Assignment Example So a PESTEL analysis has been undertaken here to show how macro factors affect a search engine like Google. These include political, social, economic, technological, environmental and legal concerns and all these help in shaping the organization its internal strategies and conform to them. Google, Inc Google Inc, the giant in internet browsing, has been founded in the year 1998. Larry Page and Sergey Brin are the founders of the revolutionary internet browser. Google’s objective was to provide its customers with a quick and easy accessible browser. Google follows the mission statement where they claim â€Å"to organize the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful†. Their focus is to offer their users a high quality search engine. This enables Google to expand their market share and to become the most popular web browser in the world (Google, Company Overview, 2013). How Google grew in size Through its operation Google Inc became a dominan t player in the internet market by offering a simple web page crawling. Google has followed a method of excellence in whatsoever they performed which accounted for their overall success. Google always rendered their effort to provide customers with a better and a faster browser. They incorporated excess bytes to enhance the efficiency of the webpage offering their consumers with better delivery of service. Google has always given importance to the speed factor in every product they launch (Anthony, 2008). Google Inc had followed a massive growth and continued to expand through continuous acquisition. They strategized acquisition as an expansion strategy and went on adding resources towards their product line. Their acquisitions include YouTube, Google voice, blogger, Google analytics etc. Google expanded their user base and continued to absorb web developers and engineers in their team (Guglielmo, 2012). Another important expansion strategy undertaken by Google is that they have alw ays prioritized their user. With the changing time and demands of the customers, Google has always offered their customers with innovative products. They designed the new internet browser keeping in mind their targeted customer group. Their goal in this pretext is to keep on building new tool and application for the users. They always built their tools in a very simplified way keeping in mind that the user found it to be user friendly enough. Google till date had successfully catered the need of their customers

Sound As The Medium Of Expression Music Essay

Sound As The Medium Of Expression Music Essay A form of art that uses Sound as the medium of expression, Music is the universal language spoken around the globe. It is a major part in cultures around the world, bringing people together from different backgrounds and social circles, if only to indulge themselves in one of the finest treats; Listening to good music and dance. Around the world, music is directly related to happiness and peace. The animatics used in the particular video I have selected give a play by play description of how music affects lives globally. It does not matter whether a person is from the United States of America or from as far as the Netherlands, music is the ever present entity that connects individuals to each other like no other entity can. Be it a complete burst of absolute happiness or a splat of depression, Music is the one entity, that one quintessential being that easily expresses all the feelings of a person, giving vent to silent anger/rage or complete articulate bliss. In making my animatic, I have used photographs of people from across the globe. Using a narrative style of expression, the video takes viewers through the lives of the individuals appearing on the screen as they express how music changed their life or how it just gave them a reason to live. The different narrators appearing in the shots in the animatic talk about how and why Music is a big part of their lives most of them even going so far as to say that without Music and Dance, life would not be worth living. Every actor is given a close-up shot, in order to make them seem more relatable and generally more realistic. (Gender goggles, Narrative as essence of film) From the non-narrative perspective, the film was made on a very small budget and is an amalgamation of different snap shots depicting people in different positions/action sequences, run together so as to make a full-fledged film with a basic theme: Music is everything. Starting from Ankara, the viewer is made to travel across the globe through England, Russia and finally Nepal. Each individual narrates his/her own story and talks about how music has played a great part in effectively changing their lives. Films, being viewed universally by audiences of vast backgrounds and different ken, cannot be confined to a particular language unlike the literary works of art that have made so many artists famous all over the world. The works of art that are produced within the magical cinemas across the world contain messages that have to be delivered to a vast audience around the globe. Thus, they usually conspire to achieve this objective by making use of the medium of expression(s) such as via photographs, videos, etc which is not limited to a select audience but can be viewed by a vast number of people from different backgrounds, without the hindrance of one particular language. (Language of Film) For this reason, Christian Metz states, in reference to film semiotics, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦thus, cinema is a language in the sense that it is a technico-sensorial unity, graspable in perceptual experience. With reference to my animatics, the language in common that I have used is English, as it is the most spoken language around the globe and is therefore easily understood by almost the whole world. The native languages of the narrators in the video have been translated to English for the ease of the viewers understanding. The shots have been so arranged so as to give a sequential plot to the story. It is however important to keep in mind the exact timing of the who, what, where, when and how elements of any story before it can be presented as a finalized version to any audience. Too much time taken in either of these can cause the audience to lose interest, and the story to lose flavor. (Semiotics and Film Theory) Each shot starts from Who, taking a close-up of each individual so that the audience can easily relate to them as they narrate their story. Before each new story frame begins, a hand drawn map indicating the country Where the incident is taking place comes up on screen, with an arrow pointing towards the exact location. However, in order to help the audience better relate to the plot and the actors, the shots taken of the location are mostly MCU and MS; this shows what the subject is doing, and presents him/her in an objective light to the viewer. A close up of each individual is important to make the audience feel as though they somehow know the person intimately, and this is followed by a few short photos that show How each individual expresses his love for music; these can be dancing, listening to music or simply singing. The ideology behind the film relates to how music spreads happiness across continents, irrespective of social/cultural barriers. (Hughes, Film and Ideology) There is no right and wrong only an objective depiction of how the art of music brings into the lives of all the people it reaches certain happiness that light up the darkness around. There is no place around the globe where Music has not penetrated; no soul on the planet left unturned by the soulful music that erupts forth from blasting speakers rocking a party; or simply calming the racing heart of an over stressed individual. From 9 years to 90, music is the language spoken by all. It spreads love and joy wherever it goes, and is also there to give company when a person is upset or sad. This film bases its animatic placements on the importance of music in our lives, and aims towards projecting the positive view people have of music for those who are against it (religiously, or other wise). It serves to logically define the boundaries that separate individuals from one another, while at the same time aiming towards and achieving a complete eradication of the very boundaries it first talks about. After showing the different stories of individuals so uniquely affected by music, it follows on to show the rise in perception of music in different parts of the world; and how this gift of sound renders the world immobile with its absolute power and beauty. The film focuses on showing to the audience that such unique gifts as music cannot be judged, and should not be held in contempt of the different backgrounds it arises from. It is not up to mere mortals to judge the absolute importance of music, and that is the essence of this entire animatic. The world of music is too vast to be contemplated by the likes of ordinary people, and must only be enjoyed as is in its pure, raw beauty. Any particular genre being listened to must never be compared to another genre of music, as each genre is different and unique in its own style and personality of hearing. People from all walks of life are joined together by music, and as such this purity of sound must be taken in its true form. The abject framing of the film also talks about how, for music lovers, dancing is another outlet for emotion and a way to express themselves. Music is not just a way to pass the time, it is a complete culture and my animatic serves to prove that claim. The narrative and non-narrative styles used in the film pertain to explaining in a comprehensive way to the audience aptly watching, that music is acceptable in all forms to all kinds of people, from all forms of life. It cannot be differentiated from one genre to the next or, at the very least, one genre cannot be thought better than the other, as each has its own unique place in the overall setup of the Musical industry. Also, music provides a way of emanating ones culture to the outside world, and gracefully showing the better sides of ones cultural heritage. Music can help show off the richer cultures of most of the countries of the world, and as such can cross boundaries and climb barriers of culture/language and gender like no other tool across the universe is able to do. This animatic serves to provide a platform through which to showcase the importance of music around the world, and uses different cultural backgrounds to get to it. The ideology behind the films framing is that music can identify with individuals on a level no other instrument of artistic design is able to. This in itself, is an accomplishment to be cherished and cultured, as it has the ability to throw together two wildly divergent factions of society and join them in a union that is unbreakable so long as either party continues to retain a certain modicum of interest in the music being played.

Small changes for the urban teacher :: Education Teaching Learning Papers

Small changes for the urban teacher I think there are a lot of minds going to waste in our urban environments, minds that could be reinventing the world, but are, for some reason, only keeping themselves down and out of a culture that needs them. Why are there so few college bound kids graduating from our urban schools, and why are the ones who do go to college so ill-prepared when its obvious how capable they are? I claim that it is possible to change how we teach in a manner that doesn’t take more time, but yields more opportunities for the multicultural classroom to learn. Treisman’s article was not only a big resource, but a huge inspiration for my paper and personal goals. Being from a rural community, I feel very under-educated when it comes to the urban community. He gave me a lot of information, some of which I would have assumed, but was reassured to see it in writing, and some of which I would not have thought up with on my own. Another resource I used was ‘Problems and Solutions in Urban Schools’ edited by Gwendolyn Duhon. It was a very helpful tool, and written by many different authors, which was great for getting a few different voices behind my arguments. A final resource for me was ‘Becoming a Successful Urban Teacher’ by Dave Brown. This book probably helped me more personally than specifically for this paper. I loved that it went over so many of the questions I have had and left plenty of room for personal reflection. I would like to begin by saying that every teacher has his or her own personality, and the incorporation of that could alter some of the specifics of each of my principles, but I do believe the general make-up of the principles to be universal. I think that the best way my principles could be summed up would be in three stages: Pre-classroom, Firstweek, and Yearlong, each having equal importance. Pre-classroom would be the most time consuming of the stages, because it involves reevaluating all of your mathematical content knowledge. I think drastic changes would occur if the teacher could spend even one week, part-time, prior to the class, reading and questioning the text book. You could familiarize yourself with every hang-up you have, working them out as you go. You could take notes of possible hang-ups the students will have and the basics they will need to overcome these. Small changes for the urban teacher :: Education Teaching Learning Papers Small changes for the urban teacher I think there are a lot of minds going to waste in our urban environments, minds that could be reinventing the world, but are, for some reason, only keeping themselves down and out of a culture that needs them. Why are there so few college bound kids graduating from our urban schools, and why are the ones who do go to college so ill-prepared when its obvious how capable they are? I claim that it is possible to change how we teach in a manner that doesn’t take more time, but yields more opportunities for the multicultural classroom to learn. Treisman’s article was not only a big resource, but a huge inspiration for my paper and personal goals. Being from a rural community, I feel very under-educated when it comes to the urban community. He gave me a lot of information, some of which I would have assumed, but was reassured to see it in writing, and some of which I would not have thought up with on my own. Another resource I used was ‘Problems and Solutions in Urban Schools’ edited by Gwendolyn Duhon. It was a very helpful tool, and written by many different authors, which was great for getting a few different voices behind my arguments. A final resource for me was ‘Becoming a Successful Urban Teacher’ by Dave Brown. This book probably helped me more personally than specifically for this paper. I loved that it went over so many of the questions I have had and left plenty of room for personal reflection. I would like to begin by saying that every teacher has his or her own personality, and the incorporation of that could alter some of the specifics of each of my principles, but I do believe the general make-up of the principles to be universal. I think that the best way my principles could be summed up would be in three stages: Pre-classroom, Firstweek, and Yearlong, each having equal importance. Pre-classroom would be the most time consuming of the stages, because it involves reevaluating all of your mathematical content knowledge. I think drastic changes would occur if the teacher could spend even one week, part-time, prior to the class, reading and questioning the text book. You could familiarize yourself with every hang-up you have, working them out as you go. You could take notes of possible hang-ups the students will have and the basics they will need to overcome these.